Wheels and tails up: The ins and outs of air travel with pets

Flying with your pet can be tricky unless you know the proper procedures. We researched the rules and regulations and dug up some to-do tips in order to make the trip less stressful for you and your furry friend.

Rules and regulations

First and foremost, check with the airline and see if pets are allowed onboard. Not every airline will accommodate your pet and rules vary considerably on those that do allow them.

For the most part, only small dogs and cats (weighing less than 10 or 20 pounds depending on the airline) are permitted on carriers that allow pets in the cabin, although some will make concessions for birds and rodents. On most airlines, passengers can travel with no more than one pet per family. A separate ticket for your pet is almost always required and costs about $80 to $125 each way. If you are traveling with more than one pet, you will likely be required to buy a seat for the second one. This rule only applies to small dogs that meet the weight limit; larger dogs must travel in the cargo hold. The cost for pets that travel as cargo is usually higher - ranging from $100 to $200 each way.

DogFriendly.com is an excellent resource, listing different airlines and their policies regarding onboard pets. Once you have confirmed that your dog can come in the cabin with you, make note that even pet-friendly airlines limit the number of animals permitted on each flight. Many airlines also prohibit pug-nosed breeds, such as bulldogs and boxers as well as Himalayan and Persian cats, in the cargo hold because they are prone to breathing problems and overheating.

In addition, airlines have strict specifications when it comes to pet containers. Rules vary by airline, so determine the exact requirements for your flight by speaking to a representative. However, the following criteria for containers is relatively standard on many airlines:

• Carriers must fit under the seat. Depending on the aircraft, size requirements range from 15-24 inches long, 12-16 inches wide and 8-10 inches high.
• Animals should be able to stand, turn around and lie down comfortably in their carrier.
• The container must have ventilation on all sides for international travel and ventilation on at least three sides for domestic travel.
• All containers must have a leak-proof bottom.
• An identification tag that lists your pet's name and your contact information must be attached to the carrier.

For even further details, PetTravel.com provides a more extensive list of rules regarding approved containers for pets traveling in the cabin and as cargo.

If you're worried about your pet's safety in cargo, there is an alternative: PetAirways  is a pet-only airline that lets animals fly in the main cabin with trained attendants.

5 to-dos before you fly

1. Obtain a health certificate. Usually issued from your vet within 10 days of departure, airport personnel may ask you to present this certificate at different points throughout your trip. Vaccines must comply with local, state, federal and international entry requirements and health regulations.
2. Have the proper identification. Make sure the information on the collar (and microchip if applicable) is up-to-date. Be sure to attach an identification tag to the carrier that lists your pet's name as well as your contact information.
3. Familiarize your pet with the travel carrier in advance. Leave it out for at least a few weeks before you leave. Start off by keeping your pet in the carrier for a few minutes each day, and then gradually lengthen the time.
4. Consider your pet's comfort. Most airlines won't let you remove your dog from the carrier during the flight. To keep your pet calm and comfy, place a familiar blanket and chew toy in the carrier. In case of an accident, you can line the bottom of the carrier with a pad for easier cleanup.
5. Book a non-peak, direct flight if possible. On a non-peak flight, there's a chance of fewer passengers and more cabin room. A direct flight will eliminate the hassle of connecting flights and layover time, especially if a walk or bathroom break is not an option between flights. Note that certain airports do have animal relief areas.

To ensure a safe and smooth trip, do your research and get as much information as you can from the airline beforehand. Remember that the more prepared and relaxed you are, the calmer your pet will be.