Compost Bins: What To Look For

Types of compost bins

Traditional bin-style models, also known as stationary or static composters, are typically constructed of plastic, wood, wire or some combination of these materials. Fully enclosed compost bins, as opposed to those with an open mesh construction, speed up decomposition because they can better capture the sun's heat, which helps to break down organic matter. This feature, most notable in bins made of dark-colored plastic, can be especially useful in cooler climates, where open piles may break down more slowly. One potential drawback of a compost bin or static composter, however, is that the decaying wastes generally must be turned by hand to help them break down faster. While many consumers enjoy this process, others can find it difficult or inconvenient to do. (However, for those who do not mind waiting longer to produce usable compost, it is possible to use a static composter without turning the pile. This process is sometimes called cold composting.)

Another option, compost tumblers, replaces hand turning with mechanical mixing. Most tumbling composters have a cylindrical or drum-shaped holding container mounted on a base or a stand. Some tumbler compost bins allow the user to flip or turn the container itself to mix the compost, while others have a crank handle that can be turned. Less common are ball-type models that can be rolled along the ground. Another advantage of compost tumblers is that they tend to be more pest-resistant than many static composters, particularly if the tumbler is mounted on a stand. Raised tumblers give easier access to the finished compost than those that sit on or near the ground. Tumblers do tend to be pricier than even the most expensive stationary compost bins, but since they essentially eliminate the need for manual turning or additional tools to aerate the material, some consumers may find that they're worth the investment. However, many tumbling compost bins have a smaller capacity than stationary bins, which makes them less than ideal for composting large amounts of yard waste. Larger-sized tumblers may be hard to turn when full. Another downside is that tumblers work best when organic matter is added all at once rather than a bit at a time, which is the way most households will generate kitchen and yard waste.

Digesters, an even more eco-centric alternative, break down organic waste with the help of other organisms. Many digester models are known as vermicomposters because they contain colonies of red worms. Digesters have many advantages. They can be used indoors, eliminating weather-related composting problems, and they are ideal for kitchen scraps, particularly those that would cause unpleasant smells or infestations in a traditional compost pile. Also, the waste produced by the worms is very rich in plant nutrients. Both the liquid "worm tea" and the solid waste (or castings) make excellent fertilizer. However, worm bins must be kept within a certain temperature range, typically 50 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit. For those who are squeamish about vermicomposting, a few digester models use other methods to break down food waste, such as solar heat and fermented organic matter. A handful of backyard composters, both with and without worms, are also marketed for use as pet waste digesters.

Anyone who composts outdoors will need some kind of container to hold compostable kitchen waste until it can be transferred outdoors to a larger compost bin or pile. While any container can be used to hold kitchen scraps, kitchen compost pails sold specifically for this purpose may include features such as an easy-open lid, a carrying handle or a filter to control odors. In addition, many compost pails are attractive enough to be kept out on the kitchen counter, keeping them at hand while meals are being prepared.

When choosing among the various types of composters, consider the following points:

• Balance cost, ease of use, and speed of compost production. Stationary bins cost less on average than other models, but the contents must be turned regularly to help materials break down faster. However, if you don't need to produce compost very quickly, a stationary bin can be used with no turning at all. If you need compost faster and don't want the work of turning materials by hand, the extra cost of a tumbling bin or a digester model may be worthwhile.

• Take your region's climate into consideration. Think about how each model's structure, color and primary material will respond to typical weather conditions in your area -- and whether they'll promote or impede the composting process. For example, a fully enclosed plastic bin, which captures more of the sun's heat, may be helpful in a colder climate. Conversely, an open cage of wire mesh may not work well in a dry climate, since it will not hold in moisture well.

• Consider the type and volume of materials you expect to compost. Static composters, which tend to have the largest capacity, may be most useful for people with large amounts of yard waste. Those who don't produce as much compostable material and want composting to be less labor-intensive can consider tumblers as an option. If your compost is primarily kitchen waste, a digester might be a good choice. Vermicomposters can be used indoors or in a garage (as long as you avoid extremes in temperature). They can also handle types of kitchen scraps that often cause odor in a traditional compost pile.

• Think about available storage. Some compost bins take up a lot of space; others can't be placed in direct sunlight. Most tumblers work fine on any level surface, but most static compost bins can only sit on grassy areas. If you need to do your composting indoors, consider a digester or other self-contained system designed for indoor use.

• Enclosed bins and tumblers deter pests. These composters also tend to look neater than open bins. If your community has property or homeowner's regulations regarding composting, these bins may be more likely to meet requirements.

• Consider shipping costs. Many compost bins are large and heavy, so they can be quite expensive to ship.

• Look at warranties and return policies. A composter is a fairly big investment. Before you buy, check to find out how easily you will be able to return the product if you are not satisfied.